History of Microcomputers | Intel, PC, and Apple.

 

History of microcomputers

·        Microchip

All microcomputers use a processor called a microchip. This is typically a small square sliver of silicon microcomputers that use a processor called a microchip. This is usually a small square of silicon (glass) with a chemical formula. These channels can be transistors or just "cables" that connect transistors. If we can pack enough of these transistors in silicon “die” then those transistors can be a unit of processing, memory, and calculator. Everything is called an “integrated region”.

Intel

Intel 4004 was a 4-bit CPU released by Intel Corporation in 1971. It was the first complete CPU on a single chip, and also became the first commercial microprocessor available. Such merging work is being carried out with the latest technology of silicon gate that allows for a higher number of transistors and faster speeds than before. 

·    In mid-1974 Intel, a manufacturer of the transistor and memory chip came up with the first successful design of the "computer on a chip" called the 8080. It runs in dual (2Mhz) MegaHertz and performs computer functions with 8 (8) bit1 Central Processing Unit (CPU). The 8080 had the construction of forty (40) pins allowing for a sixteen (16) minibus.

  C

·         The 8086 shown below in the picture is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel in early 1976 and released in mid-1978. The 8086 gave rise to the x86 architecture of Intel’s future processor.

·         MOS Technology

In 1975 MOS Technology developed the same chip as the 8080. The designer was Motorola’s Chuck Peddle and his idea was to design a chip compatible with the Motorola 6800, but much cheaper. At first, there was little public interest because it was cheaper ($ 25 compared to Intel's $ 179) that no one took seriously. Fortunately, both Intel and Motorola took it seriously, lowering their prices by less than $ 80, and thus making the 6502 attractive.

The First Microcomputer: Altair 8800

The Altair 8800, manufactured by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), and developed by Ed Roberts, was originally marketed as a kit. It did not have an application but has seen instructions installed with a series of changes. Altair did not have a keyboard and could not connect to a television screen. Altair’s first goal was to offer a wider range of hobbyists than the average MITS customer. So far, MITS has been planning elements aimed at rocketry in the backyard.

·         A Floodgate Opens

With the obvious "hit" of Altair, Intel, MOS Technology and Motorola had the opportunity to sell large amounts of chips. Intel and MOS Technology have reduced their prices to less than $ 100 per unit. Motorola has increased its prices slightly due to the potential of its chip.

Black-and-white television was used as a display screen (since no color-coded machine) and keyboards were widely available. Commodore actually included all circuit cycles in its "fat" keyboard case.

 No one installed the mouse, graphics, or software required to use any. Most of the equipment includes Microsoft's primary language; however, Microsoft did not even have an application at this time.

 

·         Early Microcomputers

 

·        Microcomputers for Business

(Microcomputer of the seventies) the manufacturers continued to make strides in speeds, power, and functionality. Rather than ask the customer to supply the television set, manufacturers started building them into the unit. The professional design began to appear with sleek-looking cases that often integrated the display and keyboard into the same enclosure for the computer.

·        Business Computer Phase II

Apple has introduced the complete Apple II with a monitor, floppy disc drive, and keyboard. This was a machine that looked more polished than the comic in the photo above.

At this point in time, there was no graphics (Window Operating System) or mouse.

·         The PC age

On August 12, 1981, the shoe finally came off. IBM announced the launch of the Model 5150 thus entering the microcomputer market and moving the industry to its foundations.

Currently, there are no business-oriented computers. The mouse is still a downtime in the laboratory and the color has not yet reached the computer screen.

                                     History of the Apple Computer

The development of microprocessor

Generation	category	Typical products and production time
The first generation	4-bit and 8-bit machines	Intel 4004 (1971),  Intel 8008 91972)
The second generation	8-bit machines	Intel 8080 (1974),   Motorola MC6800 (1974), Zilog Z80 (1975),   Intel 8085 (1977)
The third generation	16-bit machines	Intel 8086 (1978), Zilog Z8000(1079),  Motorola 68000(1979),  Intel 80286, Motorola 68010(1989)
The fourth generation	32-bit machines	Zilog Z80000(1983), Motorola 68020(1984), Intel 80386(1985), Intel 80486, Motorola 68040(1989)
The fifth-generation	Super 32-bit machines	Pentium(1993), Pentium Pro(1995), Pentium II(1997), Pentium III(1999), Pentium 4(2000), Core(2006)
The sixth-generation	64-bit and more machines	Artificial intelligence core i7(2008), sandy bridge(2011), ivy bridge(2012)