What is Embedded system, | its applications, languages and purpose of designing ?

What are Embedded System, applications, and their main components?

Introduction:

An Embedded system is actually an integrated system combined with hardware and software, where the software is also named Firmware. The firmware is responsible for providing low-level control for the specific hardware of any device. The Firmware is allocated in the device’s non-volatile memory like ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and Flash memories.

The main components of an embedded system are:

·         Processor                                                             

·         Memory (stores the data in SD cards, EEPROM, Non-volatile RAM, Volatile RAM, DRAM)

·         Microcontroller (build applications with precise calculation)

·         Microprocessor

·         Input devices (sensors, switches, and keys, etc.)

·         Output devices ( LCD, touch screen, LED, motors, segment displays, buzzer, and relays)

·         Bus Controllers (communication devices which transfer data between the components)

·         The hardware abstraction layer

·         The ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit uses a particular application consumes less power)

·         The DSP (digital signal process optimized for the operations of digital signals processing)

·         The HAL (hardware abstraction layer, fundamental resource of embedded device).

Smart home.

    How does an embedded device work?

First of all the device gets the digital or analog input from the sensors or users. Then it further processes the given input. The processing may be calculation or conversion. In this process, you can convert analog value to digital and control it using output devices.

All the processing system goes under the steps of:

Understand the requirements, Examine, design, develop, test, deploy, and then support and upgrade.

The embedded system is more advantageous because it is:

Real-time and reactive, it covers a wide variety of environment, less likely to encore errors, it has simplified hardware, enhanced performance, highly reliable, small size and consume low power.

There are three major assembly languages used in the embedded system they are:

1.       Embedded C Language

2.       Embedded C++ Language

3.       Micro Python Language.

The core of an embedded system is its hardware which is resided on a printed circuit board PCB.

Printed Circuit Boards.

Purpose of designing Embedded System:

An embedded system was designed for a particular purpose. Like a washing machine can only wash and can’t cook. Specific embedded systems are made to react instantly to an event takes place in the surrounding. Like an air conditioner adjusts its mechanical components when it receives a signal from the sensors to reduce or increase the temperature when you use a remote to function and control it.

Sensors are utilized in all the embedded systems to get inputs and actuate the actuators to bring out essential performance. There are hundreds of devices present in our surroundings that are run by an embedded system. Some of the active and best examples are:

Applications:

The smartphones, medical equipment devices (blood pressure monitors, pacemakers, portable ventilators, surgery scanners, and heartbeat monitors0), smart home devices (phones, cameras, washing machines, air conditioners, microwave oven, air cooler, refrigerator, television), music player, ATM, vending machines, data logger, smartwatches, and security alarms, etc.,

These applications of embedded system use the operating systems like Embedded Linux, and Windows CE to run.

Certain embedded systems are made to operate according to the environment it surrounds. Where the temperature would be the main factor to run the embedded system accordingly.

Nowadays, the automotive industry uses various embedded systems in modern automobiles. For example the Anti-lock Braking system (ABS), Air conditioning control, Airbag control, Rain sensing wipers, and many other electronic control units are various types of embedded systems programming in automobiles controlled to their own dashboards. And the embedded system in the automotive industry has played a major role in increasing machine productivity, reducing development costs, and design time.

Secondly, aerospace and defense are the most important area of utilizing the embedded systems. Like in flight control, actuation, air, and thermal management, embedded imaging, engine power, navigation system, and vehicle turbochargers are all based on the embedded system.